Jan Alojzy Matejko (Polish 1838-1893) was a portrait artist who also painted historical scenes.
Here is a painting of Copernicus, the Renaissance astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the universe.
Wikipedia says 'his works include large oil on canvas paintings like Rejtan, Union of Lublin or Battle of Grunwald, numerous portraits, a gallery of Polish kings, and murals in St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków.'
During World War II, "Nazi Germany planned to destroy Battle of Grunwald and the Prussian Homage, which the Nazi authorities considered offensive to the German view of history (those paintings were among many that the Germans planned to purposefully destroy in their war on Polish culture; both were however successfully hidden by the members of Poland resistance)." (Source)
This 1861 painting is called Stańczyk during a Ball at the Court of the Queen.
Book (Polish Edition): Jan Matejko
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