What is Ivory Black Made Of?

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Sakthivel V  asks: "Can I use vegan alternative of ivory black?"

Yes, good topic. As you probably know, "ivory" black is no longer made from elephant ivory, but rather from charred cattle or pork bones. It's also called "bone char" in reference to what it's made of. They don't use bones from the skull or the spinal column to protect from Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.

A few enterprising manufacturers have tried making ivory black from chunks of fossil tusks from extinct mammoths, which are surfacing in surprising numbers in Siberia and are being used legally. But I don't know if there's any difference from regular bone char.

If you want to stay away from animal products, you could use Mars black, which is made from iron, or lamp black, made from the imperfect combustion of oil, or jet black by Holbein. There are also the near-blacks known as neutral tint, which M. Graham makes from quinacridone violet and chlorinated copper, and Payne's gray, made from amorphous carbon and sodium aluminum silicate with sulphur.

They're all interesting pigments with different handling characteristics, and I recommend students try various blacks anyway to see how they behave in opaque and transparent mixtures.
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More about painting in gouache black in "Color in Practice, Part 1." Full video available here

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